EPHESUS-EFES

A visit to Efes, once the commercial center of ancient world, is a highlight of any visit to Turkey. Efes proudly houses one of the seven ancient wonders of the world; the Temple of Artemis(it was rebuilt several times, in its latest form dates from the third century B.C. ) The city, whose wealth and patronage supported its splendid architectural program, was dedicated to the goddes Artemis.The precise date of the city's foundation is not known but the legend says that Efes was first founded by Women Warriors of the Amazon in the 11th century B.C. and later inhabited by Ionians. In short time the city became very important. It became the trade centre of Asia during the reign of the Imperor Augustus.With all these civillizations passing through Ephesus, the remains take one  or two days to visit. The city still retains its importance, but this time as the most important archeologocal and historical city in Turkey. One of the most amazing ruins in Efes is the huge amphitheatre with a 24.000 seat capacity and superb acoustic effects. The ruins also include a gymnasium, agora and baths, as well as the Library of Celsus.The nearby town of Selcuk is dominated by a  Byzantine citadel which stans close to the 6th century basilica of St. Jhon, supposedly built on the site of the apostle's tomb.The 14th century Isa Bey Mosque, next to the basilica is accessed through its typical Seljuk portal. The archeological Museum houses an impressive collection of statues and other finds recovered during the excavations at Efes. The nearby Turkish Bath Museum, in a building from the 16th century, shows Turkish life at the hamam(bath) The 'Seven Sleepers' Cave is another historical place near Efes. Tradition has it that, after the death of Christ, Jhon brought the Virgin Mary to Efes where she is said to have spent her last days in a small house built for her on Bulbuldagi ( Mt Koressos) Now a place of pilgrimage for Roman Catholics and a popular touristic site for all, the house has received the official sanction of the Vatican, and a commemoration ceremony is held every year on August 15th.The Efes International Festival of Culture and Tourism is held annually in May.
Wine is produced in this small hillside Turkish village houses, which itself resembles an open air museum. Eighteen km from Selcuk are winehouses, for tasting the wines.